/* vim:set ts=2 sw=2 sts=2 et: */
/**
 * \author     Marcus Holland-Moritz (github@mhxnet.de)
 * \copyright  Copyright (c) Marcus Holland-Moritz
 *
 * This file is part of dwarfs.
 *
 * dwarfs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * dwarfs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with dwarfs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <array>
#include <filesystem>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <type_traits>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>

#ifndef WIN32
#if __has_include(<boost/process/v2/environment.hpp>)
#define BOOST_PROCESS_VERSION 2
#include <boost/process/v2/environment.hpp>
#else
#define BOOST_PROCESS_VERSION 1
#include <boost/process/search_path.hpp>
#endif
#endif

#include <fmt/format.h>

#include <folly/Conv.h>
#include <folly/String.h>
#include <folly/experimental/symbolizer/SignalHandler.h>
#include <folly/json.h>

#ifndef DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
#define DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL 1
#endif

#if FUSE_USE_VERSION >= 30
#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
#include <fuse3/fuse_lowlevel.h>
#else
#include <fuse3/fuse.h>
#endif
#else
#include <fuse.h>
#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
#if __has_include(<fuse/fuse_lowlevel.h>)
#include <fuse/fuse_lowlevel.h>
#else
#include <fuse_lowlevel.h>
#endif
#endif
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <delayimp.h>
#include <fuse3/winfsp_fuse.h>
#define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec
#define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
#define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
#define DWARFS_FSP_COMPAT
#endif

#include "dwarfs/error.h"
#include "dwarfs/file_stat.h"
#include "dwarfs/filesystem_v2.h"
#include "dwarfs/fstypes.h"
#include "dwarfs/iolayer.h"
#include "dwarfs/iovec_read_buf.h"
#include "dwarfs/library_dependencies.h"
#include "dwarfs/logger.h"
#include "dwarfs/metadata_v2.h"
#include "dwarfs/mmap.h"
#include "dwarfs/options.h"
#include "dwarfs/os_access.h"
#include "dwarfs/performance_monitor.h"
#include "dwarfs/tool.h"
#include "dwarfs/util.h"
#include "dwarfs/version.h"
#include "dwarfs/vfs_stat.h"
#include "dwarfs_tool_main.h"

namespace {

#ifdef DWARFS_FSP_COMPAT
using native_stat = struct ::fuse_stat;
using native_statvfs = struct ::fuse_statvfs;
using native_off_t = ::fuse_off_t;
#else
using native_stat = struct ::stat;
using native_statvfs = struct ::statvfs;
using native_off_t = ::off_t;
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
FARPROC WINAPI delay_hook(unsigned dliNotify, PDelayLoadInfo pdli) {
  switch (dliNotify) {
  case dliFailLoadLib:
    std::cerr << "failed to load " << pdli->szDll << "\n";
    break;

  case dliFailGetProc:
    std::cerr << "failed to load symbol from " << pdli->szDll << "\n";
    break;

  default:
    return NULL;
  }

  ::exit(1);
}
#endif

} // namespace

#ifdef _WIN32
extern "C" const PfnDliHook __pfnDliFailureHook2 = delay_hook;
#endif

namespace dwarfs {

namespace {

constexpr size_t const kDefaultBlockSize{static_cast<size_t>(512) << 10};
constexpr size_t const kDefaultSeqDetectorThreshold{4};

struct options {
  // std::string isn't standard-layout on MSVC
  // std::unique_ptr isn't standard-layout with libstdc++
  std::shared_ptr<std::string> fsimage;
  int seen_mountpoint{0};
  char const* cachesize_str{nullptr};           // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* blocksize_str{nullptr};           // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* readahead_str{nullptr};           // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* debuglevel_str{nullptr};          // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* workers_str{nullptr};             // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* mlock_str{nullptr};               // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* decompress_ratio_str{nullptr};    // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* image_offset_str{nullptr};        // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* cache_tidy_strategy_str{nullptr}; // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* cache_tidy_interval_str{nullptr}; // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* cache_tidy_max_age_str{nullptr};  // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* seq_detector_thresh_str{nullptr}; // TODO: const?? -> use string?
#if DWARFS_PERFMON_ENABLED
  char const* perfmon_enabled_str{nullptr};    // TODO: const?? -> use string?
  char const* perfmon_trace_file_str{nullptr}; // TODO: const?? -> use string?
#endif
  int enable_nlink{0};
  int readonly{0};
  int cache_image{0};
  int cache_files{0};
  size_t cachesize{0};
  size_t blocksize{0};
  size_t readahead{0};
  size_t workers{0};
  mlock_mode lock_mode{mlock_mode::NONE};
  double decompress_ratio{0.0};
  logger_options logopts{};
  cache_tidy_strategy block_cache_tidy_strategy{cache_tidy_strategy::NONE};
  std::chrono::milliseconds block_cache_tidy_interval{std::chrono::minutes(5)};
  std::chrono::milliseconds block_cache_tidy_max_age{std::chrono::minutes{10}};
  size_t seq_detector_threshold{kDefaultSeqDetectorThreshold};
  bool is_help{false};
#ifdef DWARFS_BUILTIN_MANPAGE
  bool is_man{false};
#endif
};

static_assert(std::is_standard_layout_v<options>);

struct dwarfs_userdata {
  explicit dwarfs_userdata(iolayer const& iol)
      : lgr{iol.term, iol.err}
      , iol{iol} {}

  dwarfs_userdata(dwarfs_userdata const&) = delete;
  dwarfs_userdata& operator=(dwarfs_userdata const&) = delete;

  std::filesystem::path progname;
  options opts;
  stream_logger lgr;
  filesystem_v2 fs;
  iolayer const& iol;
  std::shared_ptr<performance_monitor> perfmon;
  PERFMON_EXT_PROXY_DECL
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_init)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_lookup)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_getattr)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_access)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_readlink)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_open)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_read)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_readdir)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_statfs)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_getxattr)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_DECL(op_listxattr)
};

// TODO: better error handling

#define DWARFS_OPT(t, p, v) {t, offsetof(struct options, p), v}

constexpr struct ::fuse_opt dwarfs_opts[] = {
    // TODO: user, group, atime, mtime, ctime for those fs who don't have it?
    DWARFS_OPT("cachesize=%s", cachesize_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("blocksize=%s", blocksize_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("readahead=%s", readahead_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("debuglevel=%s", debuglevel_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("workers=%s", workers_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("mlock=%s", mlock_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("decratio=%s", decompress_ratio_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("offset=%s", image_offset_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("tidy_strategy=%s", cache_tidy_strategy_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("tidy_interval=%s", cache_tidy_interval_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("tidy_max_age=%s", cache_tidy_max_age_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("seq_detector=%s", seq_detector_thresh_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("enable_nlink", enable_nlink, 1),
    DWARFS_OPT("readonly", readonly, 1),
    DWARFS_OPT("cache_image", cache_image, 1),
    DWARFS_OPT("no_cache_image", cache_image, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("cache_files", cache_files, 1),
    DWARFS_OPT("no_cache_files", cache_files, 0),
#if DWARFS_PERFMON_ENABLED
    DWARFS_OPT("perfmon=%s", perfmon_enabled_str, 0),
    DWARFS_OPT("perfmon_trace=%s", perfmon_trace_file_str, 0),
#endif
    FUSE_OPT_END};

std::unordered_map<std::string_view, cache_tidy_strategy> const
    cache_tidy_strategy_map{
        {"none", cache_tidy_strategy::NONE},
        {"time", cache_tidy_strategy::EXPIRY_TIME},
        {"swap", cache_tidy_strategy::BLOCK_SWAPPED_OUT},
    };

constexpr std::string_view pid_xattr{"user.dwarfs.driver.pid"};
constexpr std::string_view perfmon_xattr{"user.dwarfs.driver.perfmon"};
constexpr std::string_view inodeinfo_xattr{"user.dwarfs.inodeinfo"};

template <typename LogProxy, typename T>
auto checked_call(LogProxy& log_, T&& f) -> decltype(std::forward<T>(f)()) {
  try {
    return std::forward<T>(f)();
  } catch (dwarfs::system_error const& e) {
    LOG_ERROR << folly::exceptionStr(e);
    return e.get_errno();
  } catch (std::exception const& e) {
    LOG_ERROR << folly::exceptionStr(e);
    return EIO;
  }
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LogProxy, typename T>
void checked_reply_err(LogProxy& log_, fuse_req_t req, T&& f) {
  int err = checked_call(log_, std::forward<T>(f));
  if (err != 0) {
    fuse_reply_err(req, err);
  }
}
#endif

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
#define dUSERDATA                                                              \
  auto& userdata = *reinterpret_cast<dwarfs_userdata*>(fuse_req_userdata(req))
#else
#define dUSERDATA                                                              \
  auto& userdata =                                                             \
      *reinterpret_cast<dwarfs_userdata*>(fuse_get_context()->private_data)
#endif

void check_fusermount(dwarfs_userdata& userdata) {
#ifndef WIN32

#if FUSE_USE_VERSION >= 30
  static constexpr std::string_view const fusermount_name = "fusermount3";
  static constexpr std::string_view const fuse_pkg = "fuse3";
#else
  static constexpr std::string_view const fusermount_name = "fusermount";
  static constexpr std::string_view const fuse_pkg = "fuse/fuse2";
#endif

#if BOOST_PROCESS_VERSION == 2
  auto fusermount =
      boost::process::v2::environment::find_executable(fusermount_name);
#else
  auto fusermount = boost::process::search_path(std::string(fusermount_name));
#endif

  if (fusermount.empty() || !boost::filesystem::exists(fusermount)) {
    LOG_PROXY(prod_logger_policy, userdata.lgr);
    LOG_ERROR << "Could not find `" << fusermount_name << "' in PATH";
    LOG_WARN << "Do you need to install the `" << fuse_pkg << "' package?";
  }

#endif
}

template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_init_common(void* data) {
  auto& userdata = *reinterpret_cast<dwarfs_userdata*>(data);
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_init)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__;

  // we must do this *after* the fuse driver has forked into background
  userdata.fs.set_num_workers(userdata.opts.workers);

  cache_tidy_config tidy;
  tidy.strategy = userdata.opts.block_cache_tidy_strategy;
  tidy.interval = userdata.opts.block_cache_tidy_interval;
  tidy.expiry_time = userdata.opts.block_cache_tidy_max_age;

  // we must do this *after* the fuse driver has forked into background
  userdata.fs.set_cache_tidy_config(tidy);
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_init(void* data, struct fuse_conn_info* /*conn*/) {
  op_init_common<LoggerPolicy>(data);
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void* op_init(struct fuse_conn_info* /*conn*/, struct fuse_config* /*cfg*/) {
  // TODO: config?
  auto userdata = fuse_get_context()->private_data;
  op_init_common<LoggerPolicy>(userdata);
  return userdata;
}
#endif

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_lookup(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t parent, char const* name) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_lookup)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << parent << ", " << name << ")";

  checked_reply_err(log_, req, [&] {
    auto entry = userdata.fs.find(parent, name);

    if (!entry) {
      return ENOENT;
    }

    file_stat stbuf;
    auto err = userdata.fs.getattr(*entry, &stbuf);

    if (err == 0) {
      struct ::fuse_entry_param e;

      ::memset(&e.attr, 0, sizeof(e.attr));
      copy_file_stat(&e.attr, stbuf);
      e.generation = 1;
      e.ino = e.attr.st_ino;
      e.attr_timeout = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
      e.entry_timeout = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();

      PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(e.ino)

      fuse_reply_entry(req, &e);
    }

    return err;
  });
}
#endif

template <typename LogProxy, typename Find>
int op_getattr_common(LogProxy& log_, dwarfs_userdata& userdata,
                      native_stat* st, Find const& find) {
  return checked_call(log_, [&] {
    auto entry = find();

    if (!entry) {
      return ENOENT;
    }

    file_stat stbuf;

    auto err = userdata.fs.getattr(*entry, &stbuf);

    if (err == 0) {
      ::memset(st, 0, sizeof(*st));
      copy_file_stat(st, stbuf);
    }

    return err;
  });
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_getattr(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, struct fuse_file_info*) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_getattr)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << ino << ")";
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(ino)

  native_stat st;

  int err = op_getattr_common(log_, userdata, &st,
                              [&] { return userdata.fs.find(ino); });

  if (err == 0) {
    fuse_reply_attr(req, &st, std::numeric_limits<double>::max());
  } else {
    fuse_reply_err(req, err);
  }
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_getattr(char const* path, native_stat* st, struct fuse_file_info*) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_getattr)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << path << ")";

  return -op_getattr_common(log_, userdata, st, [&] {
    auto e = userdata.fs.find(path);
    if (e) {
      PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(e->inode_num())
    }
    return e;
  });
}
#endif

template <typename LogProxy, typename Find>
int op_access_common(LogProxy& log_, dwarfs_userdata& userdata, int mode,
                     uid_t uid, gid_t gid, Find const& find) {
  return checked_call(log_, [&] {
    if (auto entry = find()) {
      return userdata.fs.access(*entry, mode, uid, gid);
    }
    return ENOENT;
  });
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_access(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, int mode) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_access)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << ino << ")";
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(ino)

  auto ctx = fuse_req_ctx(req);

  int err =
      op_access_common(log_, userdata, mode, ctx->uid, ctx->gid,
                       [&userdata, ino] { return userdata.fs.find(ino); });

  fuse_reply_err(req, err);
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_access(char const* path, int mode) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_access)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << path << ")";

  auto ctx = fuse_get_context();

  return -op_access_common(log_, userdata, mode, ctx->uid, ctx->gid, [&] {
    auto e = userdata.fs.find(path);
    if (e) {
      PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(e->inode_num())
    }
    return e;
  });
}
#endif

template <typename LogProxy, typename Find>
int op_readlink_common(LogProxy& log_, dwarfs_userdata& userdata,
                       std::string* str, Find const& find) {
  return checked_call(log_, [&] {
    if (auto entry = find()) {
      return userdata.fs.readlink(*entry, str, readlink_mode::unix);
    }
    return ENOENT;
  });
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_readlink(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_readlink)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__;
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(ino)

  std::string symlink;

  auto err = op_readlink_common(log_, userdata, &symlink,
                                [&] { return userdata.fs.find(ino); });

  if (err == 0) {
    fuse_reply_readlink(req, symlink.c_str());
  } else {
    fuse_reply_err(req, err);
  }
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_readlink(char const* path, char* buf, size_t buflen) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_readlink)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__;

  std::string symlink;

  auto err = op_readlink_common(log_, userdata, &symlink, [&] {
    auto e = userdata.fs.find(path);
    if (e) {
      PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(e->inode_num())
    }
    return e;
  });

  if (err == 0) {
#ifdef _WIN32
    ::strncpy_s(buf, buflen, symlink.data(), symlink.size());
#else
    ::strncpy(buf, symlink.data(), buflen);
#endif
  }

  return -err;
}
#endif

#ifndef O_ACCMODE
#define O_ACCMODE (O_RDONLY | O_WRONLY | O_RDWR)
#endif

template <typename LogProxy, typename Find>
int op_open_common(LogProxy& log_, dwarfs_userdata& userdata,
                   struct fuse_file_info* fi, Find const& find) {
  return checked_call(log_, [&] {
    auto entry = find();

    if (!entry) {
      return ENOENT;
    }

    if (entry->is_directory()) {
      return EISDIR;
    }

    if ((fi->flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY ||
        (fi->flags & (O_APPEND | O_TRUNC)) != 0) {
      return EACCES;
    }

    fi->fh = entry->inode_num();
    fi->direct_io = !userdata.opts.cache_files;
    fi->keep_cache = userdata.opts.cache_files;

    return 0;
  });
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_open(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, struct fuse_file_info* fi) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_open)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__;
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(ino)

  auto err =
      op_open_common(log_, userdata, fi, [&] { return userdata.fs.find(ino); });

  if (err == 0) {
    fuse_reply_open(req, fi);
  } else {
    fuse_reply_err(req, err);
  }
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_open(char const* path, struct fuse_file_info* fi) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_open)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__;

  return -op_open_common(log_, userdata, fi, [&] {
    auto e = userdata.fs.find(path);
    if (e) {
      PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(e->inode_num())
    }
    return e;
  });
}
#endif

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_read(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, size_t size, file_off_t off,
             struct fuse_file_info* fi) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_read)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__;
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(ino, size)

  checked_reply_err(log_, req, [&]() -> ssize_t {
    if (FUSE_ROOT_ID + fi->fh != ino) {
      return EIO;
    }

    iovec_read_buf buf;
    ssize_t rv = userdata.fs.readv(ino, buf, size, off);

    LOG_DEBUG << "readv(" << ino << ", " << size << ", " << off << ") -> " << rv
              << " [size = " << buf.buf.size() << "]";

    if (rv < 0) {
      return -rv;
    }

    return -fuse_reply_iov(req, buf.buf.empty() ? nullptr : &buf.buf[0],
                           buf.buf.size());
  });
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_read(char const* path, char* buf, size_t size, native_off_t off,
            struct fuse_file_info* fi) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_read)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__;
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(fi->fh, size)

  return -checked_call(log_, [&] {
    auto rv = userdata.fs.read(fi->fh, buf, size, off);

    LOG_DEBUG << "read(" << path << " [" << fi->fh << "], " << size << ", "
              << off << ") -> " << rv;

    return -rv;
  });
}
#endif

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
class readdir_lowlevel_policy {
 public:
  readdir_lowlevel_policy(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, size_t size)
      : req_{req}
      , ino_{ino} {
    buf_.resize(size);
  }

  auto find(filesystem_v2& fs) const { return fs.find(ino_); }

  bool keep_going() const { return written_ < buf_.size(); }

  bool
  add_entry(std::string const& name, native_stat const& st, file_off_t off) {
    assert(written_ < buf_.size());
    auto needed =
        fuse_add_direntry(req_, &buf_[written_], buf_.size() - written_,
                          name.c_str(), &st, off + 1);
    if (written_ + needed > buf_.size()) {
      return false;
    }
    written_ += needed;
    return true;
  }

  void finalize() const {
    fuse_reply_buf(req_, written_ > 0 ? &buf_[0] : nullptr, written_);
  }

 private:
  fuse_req_t req_;
  fuse_ino_t ino_;
  std::vector<char> buf_;
  size_t written_{0};
};
#else
class readdir_policy {
 public:
  readdir_policy(char const* path, void* buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler)
      : path_{path}
      , buf_{buf}
      , filler_{filler} {}

  auto find(filesystem_v2& fs) const { return fs.find(path_); }

  bool keep_going() const { return true; }

  bool
  add_entry(std::string const& name, native_stat const& st, file_off_t off) {
    return filler_(buf_, name.c_str(), &st, off + 1, FUSE_FILL_DIR_PLUS) == 0;
  }

  void finalize() const {}

 private:
  char const* path_;
  void* buf_;
  fuse_fill_dir_t filler_;
};
#endif

template <typename Policy, typename OnInode>
int op_readdir_common(filesystem_v2& fs, Policy& policy, file_off_t off,
                      OnInode&& on_inode) {
  auto dirent = policy.find(fs);

  if (!dirent) {
    return ENOENT;
  }

  std::forward<OnInode>(on_inode)(*dirent);

  auto dir = fs.opendir(*dirent);

  if (!dir) {
    return ENOTDIR;
  }

  file_off_t lastoff = fs.dirsize(*dir);
  file_stat stbuf;
  native_stat st;

  ::memset(&st, 0, sizeof(st));

  while (off < lastoff && policy.keep_going()) {
    auto res = fs.readdir(*dir, off);
    assert(res);

    auto [entry, name_view] = *res;
    std::string name(name_view);

    fs.getattr(entry, &stbuf);
    copy_file_stat(&st, stbuf);

    if (!policy.add_entry(name, st, off)) {
      break;
    }

    ++off;
  }

  policy.finalize();

  return 0;
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_readdir(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, size_t size, file_off_t off,
                struct fuse_file_info* /*fi*/) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_readdir)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << ino << ", " << size << ", " << off << ")";
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(ino, size)

  checked_reply_err(log_, req, [&] {
    readdir_lowlevel_policy policy{req, ino, size};
    return op_readdir_common(userdata.fs, policy, off, [](inode_view) {});
  });
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_readdir(char const* path, void* buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler,
               native_off_t off, struct fuse_file_info* /*fi*/,
               enum fuse_readdir_flags /*flags*/) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_readdir)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << path << ")";

  return -checked_call(log_, [&] {
    readdir_policy policy{path, buf, filler};
    return op_readdir_common(userdata.fs, policy, off, [&](inode_view e) {
      PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(e.inode_num())
    });
  });
}
#endif

template <typename LogProxy>
int op_statfs_common(LogProxy& log_, dwarfs_userdata& userdata,
                     native_statvfs* st) {
  return checked_call(log_, [&] {
    vfs_stat stbuf;

    auto err = userdata.fs.statvfs(&stbuf);

    if (err == 0) {
      ::memset(st, 0, sizeof(*st));
      copy_vfs_stat(st, stbuf);

#ifndef _WIN32
      if (stbuf.readonly) {
        st->f_flag |= ST_RDONLY;
      }
#endif
    }

    return err;
  });
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_statfs(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t /*ino*/) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_statfs)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__;

  struct ::statvfs st;

  int err = op_statfs_common(log_, userdata, &st);

  if (err == 0) {
    fuse_reply_statfs(req, &st);
  } else {
    fuse_reply_err(req, err);
  }
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_statfs(char const* path, native_statvfs* st) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_statfs)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << path << ")";

  return -op_statfs_common(log_, userdata, st);
}
#endif

template <typename LogProxy, typename Find>
int op_getxattr_common(LogProxy& log_, dwarfs_userdata& userdata,
                       std::string_view name, std::string& value,
                       size_t& extra_size, Find const& find) {
  return checked_call(log_, [&] {
    auto entry = find();

    if (!entry) {
      return ENOENT;
    }

    std::ostringstream oss;

    if (entry->inode_num() == 0) {
      if (name == pid_xattr) {
        // use to_string() to prevent locale-specific formatting
        oss << std::to_string(::getpid());
      } else if (name == perfmon_xattr) {
#if DWARFS_PERFMON_ENABLED
        if (userdata.perfmon) {
          userdata.perfmon->summarize(oss);
          extra_size = 4096;
        } else {
          oss << "performance monitor is disabled\n";
        }
#else
        oss << "no performance monitor support\n";
#endif
      }
    }

    if (name == inodeinfo_xattr) {
      auto ii = userdata.fs.get_inode_info(*entry);
      oss << folly::toPrettyJson(ii) << "\n";
    }

    value = oss.str();

    if (value.empty()) {
      // Linux and macOS disagree on the error code for "attribute not found"
#ifdef __APPLE__
      return ENOATTR;
#else
      return ENODATA;
#endif
    }

    return 0;
  });
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_getxattr(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, char const* name, size_t size
#ifdef __APPLE__
                 ,
                 uint32_t position
#endif
) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_getxattr)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << ino << ", " << name << ", " << size
#ifdef __APPLE__
            << ", " << position
#endif
            << ")";
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(ino)

  checked_reply_err(log_, req, [&] {
    std::string value;
    size_t extra_size{0};
    auto err = op_getxattr_common(log_, userdata, name, value, extra_size,
                                  [&] { return userdata.fs.find(ino); });

    if (err != 0) {
      LOG_TRACE << __func__ << ": err=" << err;
      return err;
    }

    LOG_TRACE << __func__ << ": value.size=" << value.size()
              << ", extra_size=" << extra_size;

    if (size == 0) {
      fuse_reply_xattr(req, value.size() + extra_size);
      return 0;
    }

    if (size >= value.size()) {
      fuse_reply_buf(req, value.data(), value.size());
      return 0;
    }

    return ERANGE;
  });
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_getxattr(char const* path, char const* name, char* value, size_t size) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_getxattr)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << path << ", " << name << ", " << size << ")";

  std::string tmp;
  size_t extra_size{0};
  auto err = op_getxattr_common(log_, userdata, name, tmp, extra_size, [&] {
    auto e = userdata.fs.find(path);
    if (e) {
      PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(e->inode_num())
    }
    return e;
  });

  if (err != 0) {
    LOG_TRACE << __func__ << ": err=" << err;
    return -err;
  }

  LOG_TRACE << __func__ << ": value.size=" << tmp.size()
            << ", extra_size=" << extra_size;

  if (value) {
    if (size < tmp.size()) {
      return -ERANGE;
    }

    std::memcpy(value, tmp.data(), tmp.size());

    return tmp.size();
  }

  return tmp.size() + extra_size;
}

template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_setxattr(char const* path, char const* name, char const* /*value*/,
                size_t size, int /*flags*/) {
  dUSERDATA;
  // PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_setxattr)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << path << ", " << name << ", " << size << ")";

  return -ENOTSUP;
}

template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_removexattr(char const* path, char const* name) {
  dUSERDATA;
  // PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_removexattr)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << path << ", " << name << ")";

  return -ENOTSUP;
}
#endif

template <typename LogProxy, typename Find>
int op_listxattr_common(LogProxy& log_, std::string& xattr_names,
                        Find const& find) {
  return checked_call(log_, [&] {
    auto entry = find();

    if (!entry) {
      return ENOENT;
    }

    std::ostringstream oss;

    if (entry->inode_num() == 0) {
      oss << pid_xattr << '\0';
      oss << perfmon_xattr << '\0';
    }

    oss << inodeinfo_xattr << '\0';

    xattr_names = oss.str();

    return 0;
  });
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void op_listxattr(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, size_t size) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_listxattr)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << ino << ", " << size << ")";
  PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(ino)

  checked_reply_err(log_, req, [&] {
    std::string xattrs;
    auto err = op_listxattr_common(log_, xattrs,
                                   [&] { return userdata.fs.find(ino); });

    if (err != 0) {
      return err;
    }

    LOG_TRACE << __func__ << ": xattrs.size=" << xattrs.size();

    if (size == 0) {
      fuse_reply_xattr(req, xattrs.size());
      return 0;
    }

    if (size >= xattrs.size()) {
      fuse_reply_buf(req, xattrs.data(), xattrs.size());
      return 0;
    }

    return ERANGE;
  });
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_listxattr(char const* path, char* list, size_t size) {
  dUSERDATA;
  PERFMON_EXT_SCOPED_SECTION(userdata, op_listxattr)
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << path << ", " << size << ")";

  std::string xattrs;
  auto err = op_listxattr_common(log_, xattrs, [&] {
    auto e = userdata.fs.find(path);
    if (e) {
      PERFMON_SET_CONTEXT(e->inode_num())
    }
    return e;
  });

  if (err != 0) {
    return -err;
  }

  if (list) {
    if (size < xattrs.size()) {
      return -ERANGE;
    }

    std::memcpy(list, xattrs.data(), xattrs.size());
  }

  return xattrs.size();
}
#endif

#if !DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
// XXX: Not implementing this currently crashes WinFsp when a file is renamed
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
int op_rename(char const* from, char const* to, unsigned int flags) {
  dUSERDATA;
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_DEBUG << __func__ << "(" << from << ", " << to << ", " << flags << ")";

  return -ENOSYS;
}
#endif

void usage(std::ostream& os, std::filesystem::path const& progname) {
  os << tool_header("dwarfs",
                    fmt::format(", fuse version {}", FUSE_USE_VERSION))
     << library_dependencies::common_as_string() << "\n\n"
#if !DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
     << "USING HIGH-LEVEL FUSE API\n\n"
#endif
     << "Usage: " << progname.filename().string()
     << " <image> <mountpoint> [options]\n\n"
     << "DWARFS options:\n"
     << "    -o cachesize=SIZE      set size of block cache (512M)\n"
     << "    -o blocksize=SIZE      set file I/O block size (512K)\n"
     << "    -o readahead=SIZE      set readahead size (0)\n"
     << "    -o workers=NUM         number of worker threads (2)\n"
     << "    -o mlock=NAME          mlock mode: (none), try, must\n"
     << "    -o decratio=NUM        ratio for full decompression (0.8)\n"
     << "    -o offset=NUM|auto     filesystem image offset in bytes (0)\n"
     << "    -o enable_nlink        show correct hardlink numbers\n"
     << "    -o readonly            show read-only file system\n"
     << "    -o (no_)cache_image    (don't) keep image in kernel cache\n"
     << "    -o (no_)cache_files    (don't) keep files in kernel cache\n"
     << "    -o debuglevel=NAME     " << logger::all_level_names() << "\n"
     << "    -o tidy_strategy=NAME  (none)|time|swap\n"
     << "    -o tidy_interval=TIME  interval for cache tidying (5m)\n"
     << "    -o tidy_max_age=TIME   tidy blocks after this time (10m)\n"
     << "    -o seq_detector=NUM    sequential access detector threshold (4)\n"
#if DWARFS_PERFMON_ENABLED
     << "    -o perfmon=name[+...]  enable performance monitor\n"
     << "    -o perfmon_trace=FILE  write performance monitor trace file\n"
#endif
#ifdef DWARFS_BUILTIN_MANPAGE
     << "    --man                  show manual page and exit\n"
#endif
     << "\n";

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL && FUSE_USE_VERSION >= 30
  os << "FUSE options:\n";
  fuse_cmdline_help();
#else
  struct fuse_args args = FUSE_ARGS_INIT(0, nullptr);
  fuse_opt_add_arg(&args, "");
  fuse_opt_add_arg(&args, "-ho");
  struct fuse_operations fsops;
  ::memset(&fsops, 0, sizeof(fsops));
  fuse_main(args.argc, args.argv, &fsops, nullptr);
  fuse_opt_free_args(&args);
#endif
}

int option_hdl(void* data, char const* arg, int key,
               struct fuse_args* /*outargs*/) {
  auto& opts = *reinterpret_cast<options*>(data);

  switch (key) {
  case FUSE_OPT_KEY_NONOPT:
    if (opts.seen_mountpoint) {
      return -1;
    }

    if (opts.fsimage) {
      opts.seen_mountpoint = 1;
      return 1;
    }

    opts.fsimage = std::make_shared<std::string>(arg);

    return 0;

  case FUSE_OPT_KEY_OPT:
    if (::strncmp(arg, "-h", 2) == 0 || ::strncmp(arg, "--help", 6) == 0) {
      opts.is_help = true;
      return -1;
    }

#ifdef DWARFS_BUILTIN_MANPAGE
    if (::strncmp(arg, "--man", 5) == 0) {
      opts.is_man = true;
      return -1;
    }
#endif
    break;

  default:
    break;
  }

  return 1;
}

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void init_fuse_ops(struct fuse_lowlevel_ops& ops,
                   dwarfs_userdata const& userdata) {
  ops.init = &op_init<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.lookup = &op_lookup<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.getattr = &op_getattr<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.access = &op_access<LoggerPolicy>;
  if (userdata.fs.has_symlinks()) {
    ops.readlink = &op_readlink<LoggerPolicy>;
  }
  ops.open = &op_open<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.read = &op_read<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.readdir = &op_readdir<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.statfs = &op_statfs<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.getxattr = &op_getxattr<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.listxattr = &op_listxattr<LoggerPolicy>;
}
#else
template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void init_fuse_ops(struct fuse_operations& ops,
                   dwarfs_userdata const& userdata) {
  ops.init = &op_init<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.getattr = &op_getattr<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.access = &op_access<LoggerPolicy>;
  if (userdata.fs.has_symlinks()) {
    ops.readlink = &op_readlink<LoggerPolicy>;
  }
  ops.open = &op_open<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.read = &op_read<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.readdir = &op_readdir<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.statfs = &op_statfs<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.getxattr = &op_getxattr<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.listxattr = &op_listxattr<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.setxattr = &op_setxattr<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.removexattr = &op_removexattr<LoggerPolicy>;
  ops.rename = &op_rename<LoggerPolicy>;
}
#endif

#if FUSE_USE_VERSION > 30

int run_fuse(struct fuse_args& args,
#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
             struct fuse_cmdline_opts const& fuse_opts,
#endif
             dwarfs_userdata& userdata) {
#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
  struct fuse_lowlevel_ops fsops;
#else
  struct fuse_operations fsops;
#endif

  ::memset(&fsops, 0, sizeof(fsops));

  if (userdata.opts.logopts.threshold >= logger::DEBUG) {
    init_fuse_ops<debug_logger_policy>(fsops, userdata);
  } else {
    init_fuse_ops<prod_logger_policy>(fsops, userdata);
  }

  int err = 1;

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
  if (auto session =
          fuse_session_new(&args, &fsops, sizeof(fsops), &userdata)) {
    if (fuse_set_signal_handlers(session) == 0) {
      if (fuse_session_mount(session, fuse_opts.mountpoint) == 0) {
        if (fuse_daemonize(fuse_opts.foreground) == 0) {
          if (fuse_opts.singlethread) {
            err = fuse_session_loop(session);
          } else {
            struct fuse_loop_config config;
            config.clone_fd = fuse_opts.clone_fd;
            config.max_idle_threads = fuse_opts.max_idle_threads;
            err = fuse_session_loop_mt(session, &config);
          }
        }
        fuse_session_unmount(session);
      } else {
        check_fusermount(userdata);
      }
      fuse_remove_signal_handlers(session);
    }
    fuse_session_destroy(session);
  }

  ::free(fuse_opts.mountpoint);
#else
  err = fuse_main(args.argc, args.argv, &fsops, &userdata);

  if (err != 0) {
    check_fusermount(userdata);
  }
#endif

  fuse_opt_free_args(&args);

  return err;
}

#else

int run_fuse(struct fuse_args& args, char* mountpoint, int mt, int fg,
             dwarfs_userdata& userdata) {
  struct fuse_lowlevel_ops fsops;

  ::memset(&fsops, 0, sizeof(fsops));

  if (userdata.opts.logopts.threshold >= logger::DEBUG) {
    init_fuse_ops<debug_logger_policy>(fsops, userdata);
  } else {
    init_fuse_ops<prod_logger_policy>(fsops, userdata);
  }

  int err = 1;

  if (auto ch = fuse_mount(mountpoint, &args)) {
    if (auto se = fuse_lowlevel_new(&args, &fsops, sizeof(fsops), &userdata)) {
      if (fuse_daemonize(fg) != -1) {
        if (fuse_set_signal_handlers(se) != -1) {
          fuse_session_add_chan(se, ch);
          err = mt ? fuse_session_loop_mt(se) : fuse_session_loop(se);
          fuse_remove_signal_handlers(se);
          fuse_session_remove_chan(ch);
        }
      }
      fuse_session_destroy(se);
    }
    fuse_unmount(mountpoint, ch);
  } else {
    check_fusermount(userdata);
  }

  ::free(mountpoint);
  fuse_opt_free_args(&args);

  return err;
}

#endif

template <typename LoggerPolicy>
void load_filesystem(dwarfs_userdata& userdata) {
  LOG_PROXY(LoggerPolicy, userdata.lgr);

  constexpr int const inode_offset =
#ifdef FUSE_ROOT_ID
      FUSE_ROOT_ID
#else
      0
#endif
      ;

  auto ti = LOG_TIMED_INFO;
  auto& opts = userdata.opts;

  filesystem_options fsopts;
  fsopts.lock_mode = opts.lock_mode;
  fsopts.block_cache.max_bytes = opts.cachesize;
  fsopts.block_cache.num_workers = opts.workers;
  fsopts.block_cache.decompress_ratio = opts.decompress_ratio;
  fsopts.block_cache.mm_release = !opts.cache_image;
  fsopts.block_cache.init_workers = false;
  fsopts.block_cache.sequential_access_detector_threshold =
      opts.seq_detector_threshold;
  fsopts.inode_reader.readahead = opts.readahead;
  fsopts.metadata.enable_nlink = bool(opts.enable_nlink);
  fsopts.metadata.readonly = bool(opts.readonly);
  fsopts.metadata.block_size = opts.blocksize;
  fsopts.inode_offset = inode_offset;

  if (opts.image_offset_str) {
    fsopts.image_offset = parse_image_offset(opts.image_offset_str);
  }

  std::unordered_set<std::string> perfmon_enabled;
  std::optional<std::filesystem::path> perfmon_trace_file;
#if DWARFS_PERFMON_ENABLED
  if (opts.perfmon_enabled_str) {
    folly::splitTo<std::string>(
        '+', opts.perfmon_enabled_str,
        std::inserter(perfmon_enabled, perfmon_enabled.begin()));
  }
  if (opts.perfmon_trace_file_str) {
    perfmon_trace_file = userdata.iol.os->canonical(std::filesystem::path(
        reinterpret_cast<char8_t const*>(opts.perfmon_trace_file_str)));
  }
#endif

  userdata.perfmon = performance_monitor::create(
      perfmon_enabled, userdata.iol.file, perfmon_trace_file);

  PERFMON_EXT_PROXY_SETUP(userdata, userdata.perfmon, "fuse")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_init)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_lookup, "inode")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_getattr, "inode")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_access, "inode")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_readlink, "inode")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_open, "inode")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_read, "inode", "size")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_readdir, "inode", "size")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_statfs)
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_getxattr, "inode")
  PERFMON_EXT_TIMER_SETUP(userdata, op_listxattr, "inode")

  auto fsimage = userdata.iol.os->canonical(std::filesystem::path(
      reinterpret_cast<char8_t const*>(opts.fsimage->data())));

  LOG_DEBUG << "attempting to load filesystem from " << fsimage;

  userdata.fs =
      filesystem_v2(userdata.lgr, *userdata.iol.os,
                    std::make_shared<mmap>(fsimage), fsopts, userdata.perfmon);

  ti << "file system initialized";
}

} // namespace

int dwarfs_main(int argc, sys_char** argv, iolayer const& iol) {
#ifdef _WIN32
  std::vector<std::string> argv_strings;
  std::vector<char*> argv_copy;
  argv_strings.reserve(argc);
  argv_copy.reserve(argc);

  for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    argv_strings.push_back(sys_string_to_string(argv[i]));
    argv_copy.push_back(argv_strings.back().data());
  }

  struct fuse_args args = FUSE_ARGS_INIT(argc, argv_copy.data());
#else
  struct fuse_args args = FUSE_ARGS_INIT(argc, argv);
#endif

  dwarfs_userdata userdata(iol);
  auto& opts = userdata.opts;

  userdata.progname = std::filesystem::path(argv[0]);
  opts.cache_image = 0;
  opts.cache_files = 1;

  fuse_opt_parse(&args, &userdata.opts, dwarfs_opts, option_hdl);

#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
#if FUSE_USE_VERSION >= 30
  struct fuse_cmdline_opts fuse_opts;

  if (fuse_parse_cmdline(&args, &fuse_opts) == -1 || !fuse_opts.mountpoint) {
#ifdef DWARFS_BUILTIN_MANPAGE
    if (userdata.opts.is_man) {
      show_manpage(manpage::get_dwarfs_manpage(), iol);
      return 0;
    }
#endif
    usage(iol.out, userdata.progname);
    return userdata.opts.is_help ? 0 : 1;
  }

  if (fuse_opts.foreground) {
    folly::symbolizer::installFatalSignalHandler();
  }

  bool foreground = fuse_opts.foreground;
#else
  char* mountpoint = nullptr;
  int mt, fg;

  if (fuse_parse_cmdline(&args, &mountpoint, &mt, &fg) == -1 || !mountpoint) {
#ifdef DWARFS_BUILTIN_MANPAGE
    if (userdata.opts.is_man) {
      show_manpage(manpage::get_dwarfs_manpage(), iol);
      return 0;
    }
#endif
    usage(iol.out, userdata.progname);
    return userdata.opts.is_help ? 0 : 1;
  }

  if (fg) {
    folly::symbolizer::installFatalSignalHandler();
  }

  bool foreground = fg;
#endif
#endif

  try {
    // TODO: foreground mode, stderr vs. syslog?

    if (opts.debuglevel_str) {
      opts.logopts.threshold = logger::parse_level(opts.debuglevel_str);
    } else {
#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
      opts.logopts.threshold = foreground ? logger::INFO : logger::WARN;
#else
      opts.logopts.threshold = logger::WARN;
#endif
    }

    userdata.lgr.set_threshold(opts.logopts.threshold);
    userdata.lgr.set_with_context(opts.logopts.threshold >= logger::DEBUG);

    opts.cachesize = opts.cachesize_str
                         ? parse_size_with_unit(opts.cachesize_str)
                         : (static_cast<size_t>(512) << 20);
    opts.blocksize = opts.blocksize_str
                         ? parse_size_with_unit(opts.blocksize_str)
                         : kDefaultBlockSize;
    opts.readahead =
        opts.readahead_str ? parse_size_with_unit(opts.readahead_str) : 0;
    opts.workers = opts.workers_str ? folly::to<size_t>(opts.workers_str) : 2;
    opts.lock_mode =
        opts.mlock_str ? parse_mlock_mode(opts.mlock_str) : mlock_mode::NONE;
    opts.decompress_ratio = opts.decompress_ratio_str
                                ? folly::to<double>(opts.decompress_ratio_str)
                                : 0.8;

    if (opts.cache_tidy_strategy_str) {
      if (auto it = cache_tidy_strategy_map.find(opts.cache_tidy_strategy_str);
          it != cache_tidy_strategy_map.end()) {
        opts.block_cache_tidy_strategy = it->second;
      } else {
        iol.err << "error: no such cache tidy strategy: "
                << opts.cache_tidy_strategy_str << "\n";
        return 1;
      }

      if (opts.cache_tidy_interval_str) {
        opts.block_cache_tidy_interval =
            parse_time_with_unit(opts.cache_tidy_interval_str);
      }

      if (opts.cache_tidy_max_age_str) {
        opts.block_cache_tidy_max_age =
            parse_time_with_unit(opts.cache_tidy_max_age_str);
      }
    }
  } catch (std::filesystem::filesystem_error const& e) {
    iol.err << folly::exceptionStr(e) << "\n";
    return 1;
  } catch (std::exception const& e) {
    iol.err << "error: " << folly::exceptionStr(e) << "\n";
    return 1;
  }

  if (opts.decompress_ratio < 0.0 || opts.decompress_ratio > 1.0) {
    iol.err << "error: decratio must be between 0.0 and 1.0\n";
    return 1;
  }

  opts.seq_detector_threshold =
      opts.seq_detector_thresh_str
          ? folly::to<size_t>(opts.seq_detector_thresh_str)
          : kDefaultSeqDetectorThreshold;

#ifdef DWARFS_BUILTIN_MANPAGE
  if (userdata.opts.is_man) {
    show_manpage(manpage::get_dwarfs_manpage(), iol);
    return 0;
  }
#endif

  if (!opts.seen_mountpoint) {
    usage(iol.out, userdata.progname);
    return 1;
  }

  LOG_PROXY(debug_logger_policy, userdata.lgr);

  LOG_INFO << "dwarfs (" << PRJ_GIT_ID << ", fuse version " << FUSE_USE_VERSION
           << ")";

  try {
    if (userdata.opts.logopts.threshold >= logger::DEBUG) {
      load_filesystem<debug_logger_policy>(userdata);
    } else {
      load_filesystem<prod_logger_policy>(userdata);
    }
  } catch (std::exception const& e) {
    LOG_ERROR << "error initializing file system: " << folly::exceptionStr(e);
    return 1;
  }

  SCOPE_EXIT {
    if (userdata.perfmon) {
      userdata.perfmon->summarize(iol.err);
    }
  };

#if FUSE_USE_VERSION >= 30
#if DWARFS_FUSE_LOWLEVEL
  return run_fuse(args, fuse_opts, userdata);
#else
  return run_fuse(args, userdata);
#endif
#else
  return run_fuse(args, mountpoint, mt, fg, userdata);
#endif
}

int dwarfs_main(int argc, sys_char** argv) {
  return dwarfs_main(argc, argv, iolayer::system_default());
}

int dwarfs_main(std::span<std::string> args, iolayer const& iol) {
  return call_sys_main_iolayer(args, iol, dwarfs_main);
}

int dwarfs_main(std::span<std::string_view> args, iolayer const& iol) {
  return call_sys_main_iolayer(args, iol, dwarfs_main);
}

} // namespace dwarfs